How Long Does It Take to Make a Baby in Fallout
How long does it take to get to Mars?
If you lot wanted to travel to Mars, how long would it take? The respond depends on several factors, ranging from the position of the planets to the engineering science that would propel yous in that location.
According to NASA, a one-way trip to Mars would have about nine months. If you wanted to make it a round-trip, all in all, information technology would take about 21 months as yous will need to expect well-nigh iii months on Mars to make certain Globe and Mars are in a suitable location to make the trip back home.
We accept a wait at how long a trip to the Blood-red Planet would take using bachelor applied science and explore some of the factors that would affect your travel time.
How far abroad is Mars?
To make up one's mind how long it will take to reach Mars, we must first know the altitude between the two planets.
Mars is the fourth planet from the sunday, and the 2nd closest to Earth (Venus is the closest). But the altitude between World and Mars is constantly changing every bit they travel around the dominicus.
In theory, the closest that World and Mars would approach each other would be when Mars is at its closest point to the sunday (perihelion) and Earth is at its farthest (aphelion). This would put the planets only 33.ix million miles (54.6 meg kilometers) apart. However, this has never happened in recorded history. The closest recorded approach of the two planets occurred in 2003 when they were merely 34.eight one thousand thousand miles (56 one thousand thousand km) apart.
The 2 planets are farthest apart when they are both at their farthest from the sun, on opposite sides of the star. At this point, they tin be 250 meg miles (401 million km) apart.
The average distance between Earth and Mars is 140 million miles (225 million km).
Related: What is the temperature on Mars?
How long would it have to travel to Mars at the speed of light?
Light travels at approximately 186,282 miles per 2nd (299,792 km per second). Therefore, a lite shining from the surface of Mars would have the following corporeality of time to reach Earth (or vice versa):
- Closest possible arroyo: 182 seconds, or 3.03 minutes
- Closest recorded approach: 187 seconds, or 3.11 minutes
- Farthest approach: 1,342 seconds, or 22.4 minutes
- On average: 751 seconds, or but over 12.5 minutes
Fastest spacecraft and so far
The fastest spacecraft is NASA'south Parker Solar Probe, as it keeps breaking its ain speed records equally it moves closer to the sun. On November 21, 2021 the Parker Solar Probe reached a top speed of 101 miles (163 kilometers) per second during its tenth close flyby of our star, which translates to an middle-watering 364,621 mph (586,000 kph). According to a NASA statement, when the Parker Solar Probe comes inside 4 million miles (half dozen.2 million kilometers) of the solar surface in Dec 2024, the spacecraft'southward speed will top 430,000 miles per hour!
If the Parker Solar Probe managed to achieve the speeds reached during its tenth close flyby of the Sun and took a detour from its sunday-focused mission to travel in a straight line from Earth to the Red Planet, the time it would take to go to Mars would be:
- Closest possible approach: 93 hours
- Closest recorded approach: 95 hours
- Uttermost arroyo: 686 hours (28.v days)
- On average: 384 hours (16 days)
The problems with calculating travel times to Mars
Of class, the trouble with the previous calculations is that they measure the altitude between the two planets equally a directly line. Traveling through the uttermost passing of Earth and Mars would involve a trip directly through the sunday, while spacecraft must of necessity movement in orbit around the solar system'south star.
Although this isn't a trouble for the closest approach, when the planets are on the aforementioned side of the sun, another problem exists. The numbers also presume that the 2 planets remain at a constant distance; that is, when a probe is launched from World while the two planets are at the closest approach, Mars would remain the same distance abroad over the 39 days it took the probe to travel.
Related: A brief history of Mars missions
In reality, however, the planets are continuously moving in their orbits around the sunday. Engineers must summate the ideal orbits for sending a spacecraft from Earth to Mars. Their numbers gene in non only altitude but also fuel efficiency. Similar throwing a dart at a moving target, they must calculate where the planet volition exist when the spacecraft arrives, not where information technology is when it leaves Earth. Spaceships must also decelerate to enter orbit around a new planet to avert overshooting it.
How long it takes to attain Mars depends on where in their orbits the ii planets lie when a mission is launched. It also depends on the technological developments of propulsion systems.
According to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center'due south website, the platonic lineup for a launch to Mars would go you to the planet in roughly 9 months. The website quotes physics professor Craig C. Patten, of the University of California, San Diego:
"It takes the Earth i year to orbit the sunday and it takes Mars virtually i.9 years (say 2 years for easy adding) to orbit the sunday. The elliptical orbit which carries yous from Earth to Mars is longer than Earth's orbit but shorter than Mars' orbit. Accordingly, we tin can judge the time it would take to complete this orbit past averaging the lengths of Globe'southward orbit and Mars' orbit. Therefore, information technology would take virtually one and a half years to consummate the elliptical orbit.
"In the ix months it takes to get to Mars, Mars moves a considerable altitude around in its orbit, about three-eighths of the mode effectually the sun. Y'all have to plan to make sure that past the time you reach the distance of Mar's orbit, Mars is where you need it to be! Practically, this means that you lot can only begin your trip when Earth and Mars are properly lined upwardly. This only happens every 26 months. That is, there is only ane launch window every 26 months."
The trip could be shortened by burning more fuel — a process not ideal with today's applied science, Patten said.
Evolving technology can help to shorten the flight. NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) will exist the new workhorse for conveying upcoming missions, and potentially humans, to the red planet. SLS is currently beingness constructed and tested, with NASA now targeting a launch in March or April 2022 for its Artemis ane flight, the first flight of its SLS rocket.
Robotic spacecraft could ane twenty-four hours make the trip in only 3 days. Photon propulsion would rely on a powerful laser to accelerate spacecraft to velocities approaching the speed of light. Philip Lubin, a physics professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and his team are working on the Directed Energy Propulsion for Interstellar Exploration (DEEP-IN). The method could propel a 220-lb. (100 kilograms) robotic spacecraft to Mars in only three days, he said.
"There are contempo advances which take this from science fiction to science reality," Lubin said at the 2015 NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) fall symposium. "There'southward no known reason why we cannot do this."
How long did by missions accept to reach Mars?
Hither is an infographic detailing how long it took several historical missions to reach the Red Planet (either orbiting or landing on the surface). Their launch dates are included for perspective.
Boosted resources
Explore NASA'southward lunar exploration plans with their Moon to Mars overview. You tin read about how to get people from Earth to Mars and safely back over again with this informative article on The Chat. Curious about the human health risks of a mission to the Carmine Planet? You may find this inquiry paper of particular interest.
Bibliography
- Lubin, Philip. "A roadmap to interstellar flight." arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.01356 (2016).
- Donahue, Ben B. "Hereafter Missions for the NASA Space Launch Organization." AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. 2021.
- Srinivas, Susheela. "Hop, Skip and Bound—The Moon to Mars Mission." (2019).
Bring together our Space Forums to go on talking space on the latest missions, night heaven and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, permit us know at: community@space.com.
Source: https://www.space.com/24701-how-long-does-it-take-to-get-to-mars.html
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